| 1992 | Adobe Acrobat PDFs | |
| 1993 | 11 November: Guardian article about the World Wide Web | The Guardian's Computer section (p19) carries an article 'The world in a web' by Joe Levy of Edinburgh university describing the World Wide Web project at CERN. The article gives a Telenet address for information and an FTP address for the Mosiac browser at NCSA. |
| 1994 | Newspapers move to the web | Daily Telegraph claims to be the first national newspaper on the web |
| 1995 | CD-Rom magazines | At least 10 available (Baumann 1995).Blender (a US title distributed by Dennis in the UK at £9.99 based around samples of US bands and film trailers); Unzip, 'the UK's first fully interactive magazine on CD-Rom' (IPC) |
| CD-Rom cover mounts on non-computer magazines | August issue of men's monthly Maxim(Dennis Publishing) | |
| Websites for mainstream magazines | Uploaded.com (Loaded, IPC); nme.com (New Musical Express, IPC) | |
| 1996 | Electronic auditing | ABC Electronic established to provide independent certification for data related to electronic media |
| 1997 | Digital kiosks | BT Touchpoint with NME, Loaded andMarie Claire content |
| Improving technology meant CD-Rom titles could market themselves based on their video content. Among the first publishers to exploit this development were those behind top-shelf titles such as X-Net and Enter (below) | ||
| 1998 | Sunday Times CD-ROM covermount | Windows on the World was an educational CD-Rom produced with the British National Space Centre |
| 1999 | BRAD (Nov) directory lists 668 entries under 'new media' | |
| Nuvo Media's Rocket e-Book | Portable e-book device for $300 that held about 4,000 pages (10 books). Owners could buy copyrighted digital versions of books and journals | |
| 2000 | CD-Rom magazines based on video content | Enter monthly from Pure Communications. Lads' mags with advertising from Toyota, Heineken, Mars and Jameson whiskey. |
| 2003 | SMS text messaging | Loaded (then published by IPC) |
| Online media have become mainstream: BRAD (Jun) no longer lists websites separately | ||
| Sunday Times CD-Rom supplement | The Month CD-Rom is based on entertainment and arts content. It was sponsored by Renault for a reported £250,000. The first time the disc was loaded, a 40-second Renault advert was shown. After that, users could skip the ad halfway through. Commercial deals included a website with MVC where users could order reviewed CDs; and a link to Warner Village's website to book cinema tickets online | |
| 2005 | Financial Times launches digital facsimile edition | Includes How to Spend It |
| Digital paper announced | ||
| 2006 | Switch in teenage spending to online and mobile-phone-based media blamed for teen magazine closures | Emap closes Smash Hits. The name lives on as a digital music TV channel and radio station, online and as a mobile phone service |
| Digital (facsimile) magazines | Exact Editions launches first titles (Feb). Quickly expanded to include Dazed & Confused | |
| Downloadable magazines for phones | Time Out, OK!, Glamour, GQ on Mobizine platform (Feb) | |
| Magazines launch on YouTube | Condé Nast puts Glamour, GQ and Vogueon YouTube | |
| YouTube seen as affecting (men's) magazines | ‘Unloaded, and now the party is over,’ (Brown, 2006) | |
| Magazines use YouTube for marketing | Nuts men's weekly (IPC) celebrates sales results with a raunchy ad on YouTube | |
| Temporary video websites exploiting social networking | Zootube.co.uk for Emap's Zoo men's weekly | |
| TV magazines cover online films and podcasts | Radio Times covers YouTube, iFilm and Google Video on radiotimes.com and in magazine | |
| Interactive digital-only magazines launched | Monkey from Dennis. 'The world’s first weekly digital men’s magazine' (Nov) | |
| Media organisations launch special editions in Second Life online world | US technology title Wired (October); German tabloid Bild (December); Sky News (May 2007); CNET, Reuters, BBC Radio 1 and Channel 4 Radio (Green 2007) | |
| 2007 | TV guide revamps website to help find shows on the web for downloading | Radio Times |
| First ABCe figures for digital-only and print magazines | Monkey releases ABCe of 209,612 copies a week | |
| Digital-only magazine for teenagers | National Magazines launches Jellyfish as a trial using Ceros technology. The magazine's motto was 'if it moves, click.'However, problems with the emailed files being blocked because of poor mailing lists led to the experiment failing and it was closed within 6 months. | |
| Contract publishers seek ABCe audits for digital titles | River Publishing registers Healthy for Men with ABCe (May) | |
| Advertising revenue rising but 'no one has got the business model for online cracked yet,' Stevie Spring (chief executive, Future Publishing) | ||
| '[Newspapers] have yet to find sound monetisation models' (Richard Stephenson, chairman of Yudu Media, quoted by Kirby 2007) | ||
| Magazines move into digital TV | Nuts TV channel based on the weekly IPC men's magazine (September) | |
| Free weekly men's magazine launched with website | ShortList gives away 500,000 copies. 'Our site is completely central to everything we're planning' Mike Soutar, quoted in Dorrell, 2007 | |
| Online digital facsimile newsagents launched | MyMag Online in Ireland | |
| DVD magazine announced | 'The world's first' magazine on DVD from Expansive Media (for November launch) | |
| Publishers working with digital paper | E-Ink working with Time magazine (Moses) | |
| 2008 | Digital magazines becoming an established medium | Exact Editions has about 70 titles; Ceros 200. In February 2008, Zinio launches Global Newsstand to make 850 titles available to buy and read online |
| Brand expansion for Monkey | Dennis Publishing and mobile media company Player X launch Monkey as a free mobile TV channel (March) | |
| Dennis builds on Monkey business model | Dennis launches fortnightly iMotor andGizmo | |
| Monthly car launch | Motor Play launches as a free digital car monthly ‘with over 200 pages of beautifully produced articles on cars’ | |
| Social applications and widgets forStuff website | Umee develops utilities such as Twitter, Facebook and Clearspring widgets for Haymarket's Stuff.tv | |
| Wallpaper widget | News feed and a photo of the day from monthly design title | |
| 2009 |  | IPC's music weekly sells 59p app to access band photographs using Umee technology. Rebrands itelf as: online, magazine, TV, radio, mobile (note the order) |
| FT drops digital fascimile technology for How to Spend It | Financial Times relaunches online version of its large-format luxury monthly magazine How to Spend It. Razorfish uses Adobe Flash 10 to translate 'the glossy magazine reading experience into a convincing luxury online environment' | |
| 2010 | February: Dennis closes monthly motoring emag iMotor | Dennis blames e-mag's lack of success on the economic downturn and that it had 'found it hard to convince manufacturers to make full use of the creative environment that a digital magazine offers'. Monkey andiGizmo not affected |
April: iPad launch in the US May: Apple launches the iPad in the UK. Claims 300,000 sales on the first day. | Newspapers and magazines such as Wired, The Spectator and the Financial Times release iPad apps to read their stories in a format that tries to mimic the printed page. The FT wins 'best iPad app' award for its free offering, which is downloaded 150,000 time in 3 weeks; the August edition of Press Gazette gave the total as 250,000 (p6). iPad screen is 9.7 inches diagonally, compared with the iPhone's 3.5in | |
| May: VW releases free customer magazine as iPad app | DAS (Digital Automotive Space) also set up as a website in June. The plan was to publish the app quarterly in five languages across Europe | |
| August: Dazed & Confusedreleased as free app for Apple iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch | Dazed co-founder Jefferson Hack said: 'From fold out poster to iPad app, Dazedhas come a long way since its birth almost two decades ago. With the new app, a whole new audience of culturally aware iPad and iPhone users will be introduced to Dazed.' The digital magazine was based on Exact Editions Precisely platform | |
| September: iPad 'changing the rules of digital publishing' | A report on the Yudu website suggested people were spending far more time browsing the iPad app for GQ and Vanity Fair than they were the websites (from 2-4 minutes a month to 60) | |
| Segmentation of digital publishing strategies | Publishers talk of discrete digital channels:
Mobile apps tended to be:
Some publishers see the iPad as an opportunity to improve the image of their print brand and appeal to a younger or more upmarket audience. Selling mobile advertising is difficult because web banners are not suitable for small screens. Also iPad apps cannot display the level of advertising as print pages and there is no equivalent of a spread. Another problem is Apple's control of the iPhone / iPad customer and the potential for publishers to earn revenue from digital subscriptions and digital advertising. | |
| Wired iPad app sales plummet | Sales fall from 100,000 in June to about 28,000 in August for the Adobe-based app | |
| Apple reported sales at the end of September of more than 8m iPads. Goldman Sachs expects Apple to ship 37m iPads in 2011 | ||
| FT combines print and digital sales | Evidence of digital segmentation with theFinancial Times announcing combined global print and digital paid-for circulation measure to be released each quarter. This is in addition to print data from the Audit Bureau of Circulation. At the same time, the paper withdrew from ABCelectronic. 'We aren't a volume site so we are looking to measure ourselves against registered users and subscriptions,' FT deputy director of communications Tom Glover told Magforum | |
| Poll on magazine reading/browsing in 2020 | Exact Editions ran an online survey in October 2010 asking people's opinions about their future reading habits, How will we read magazines? See poll results. | |
| iPad advertising revenue | Financial Times deputy chief executive Ben Hughes tells Campaign (15 October 2010, P12) iPad app has generated more than £1 million in advertising revenue since it launched in May. More than 400,000 subscribers had signed up for the app and it accounted for one in 10 of the newspaper's new digital subscriptions. In total, paying digital subscribers had risen by half in a year to 189,022. In addition, FT.com had three million registered users. Daily print circulation was 401,898. The paper began accepting Paypal as well as credit cards | |
| Oppolis analysis shows more than half of reviewers had a problem with an iPad app | At the launch of its GoMobile tablet publishing software, Oppolis showed the results of a survey of 800 reviews of iPad magazines. Among the results were:
| |
| Kindle 'is bestseller' on Amazon says Bezos, though he does not state figures | Amazon founder and chief executive Jeff Bezos said: 'We're grateful to the millions of customers who have made the all-new Kindle the bestselling product in the history of Amazon - surpassing Harry Potter 7 [Deathly Hallows].' [Amazon.com lists HP7 as its 80th bestselling book.] 'We're seeing that many of the people who are buying Kindles also own an LCD tablet. Customers report using their LCD tablets for games, movies, and web browsing and their Kindles for reading sessions. They report preferring Kindle for reading because it weighs less, eliminates battery anxiety with its month-long battery life, and has the advanced paper-like Pearl e-ink display that reduces eye-strain, doesn't interfere with sleep patterns at bedtime, and works outside in direct sunlight, an important consideration especially for vacation reading. Kindle's $139 price point is a key factor -- it's low enough that people don't have to choose.' | |
James Gibbon's resources for print based media
11 years ago
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